[draft] MySQL Replication 구성

MySQL Replication 구성(MySQL 복제)

MySQL Replication을 이용해 Master–Slave(Primary–Replica) 구조의 데이터 복제 환경을 구성하는 방법입니다.

테스트 환경

Hostname	IP	Role	비고
node1	192.168.56.101	master
node2	192.168.56.102	slave

• MySQL 설치 경로 : /usr/local/mysql
• Socket : /tmp/mysql.sock
• Replication 방식 : Binary Log 기반
• Binlog Format : ROW

1. MySQL 설정 (my.cnf)

Master 서버 설정 (node1)

vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

# /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
port = 3306
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
log-error-verbosity = 3

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
symbolic-links = 0

server-id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = ROW
expire_logs_days = 2

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

Slave 서버 설정 (node2)

vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

# /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
port = 3306
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
log-error-verbosity = 3

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
symbolic-links = 0

server-id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = ROW
expire_logs_days = 2

relay_log = relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
read_only = 1

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

2. MySQL 데몬 시작/종료

시작

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &

종료

mysqladmin -u root shutdown --socket /tmp/mysql.sock

3. Master 서버 설정 확인

Binary Log 파일 및 Position 확인

mysql -h localhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS\G" | egrep 'File|Position'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
             File: mysql-bin.000007
         Position: 154

이 값은 Slave 설정 시 반드시 필요

4. Slave 서버 설정

기존 복제 중지 및 초기화

mysql -h localhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "STOP SLAVE;"

mysql -h localhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "RESET SLAVE;"

Master 정보 설정

mysql -h localhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "
CHANGE MASTER TO
  MASTER_HOST='192.168.56.101',
  MASTER_USER='replication_user',
  MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
  MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000007',
  MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
"

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

보안상 CLI에서 패스워드 직접 입력은 권장하지 않음 → .my.cnf 또는 환경 변수 사용 권장

Slave 복제 시작

mysql -h localhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "START SLAVE;"

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

5. Slave 상태 확인

핵심 상태 확인

mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G" \
| egrep 'Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running|Seconds_Behind_Master'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

전체 상태 확인

mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G"

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.56.101
                  Master_User: replication_user
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 521
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 1e320772-f6c4-11ed-a93d-0800278c2c47
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:

• Last_IO_Error, Last_SQL_Error → 비어 있어야 정상
• Slave_SQL_Running_State → waiting for more updates

6. Master 서버에서 Slave 확인

mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p'mysqlpassword' -e "SHOW SLAVE HOSTS;"

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID                           |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|         3 |      | 3306 |         1 | 8802cba8-f8ab-11ed-aa0c-080027dcd0c8 |
|         2 |      | 3306 |         1 | 81a1c980-f8ab-11ed-9f7e-0800273d1990 |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+

 

MySQL Replication은 읽기 분산, 백업, 장애 대응을 위한 가장 기본적인 고가용성 구성이다.